Prevalencia y factores asociados a la diabetes gestacional en Jaén, Perú

Prevalence and factors associated with gestational diabetes in Jaen, Peru

Resumen

Introduction. Gestational diabetes (GD) is a disease of the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and is characterized by hyperglycemia of variable severity. Objective. To determine the prevalence and factors associated with gestational diabetes in four health centers in the city of Jaén, Cajamarca, 2019. Material and methods. Relational level, analytical and retrospective observational study. The study population consisted of 976 pregnant women from four health centers in the city of Jaén. The sampling was probabilistic with a sample size of 276 pregnant women, taken randomly. The unit of analysis was the medical records, from which the data were collected using the documentation technique. Results. The study sample was characterized by a median maternal age of 24 years, a height of 1.50 M and a weight of 62.0 kg; BMI of 26.2 Kg / M2, glycemia of 83.0 mg / dL and hemoglobin of 12.0 g / dL. A prevalence of GD of 14,9 % was observed. History of diabetes (p=0.009; RP=2.21; IC95%: 1.26-3.89), macrosomia (p=0.019; RP=3.62; IC95%: 1.49-8.83) and obesity (p=0.009; RP=2.29; IC95%: 1.28-4.09) were the factors associated with the highest prevalence of GD. Conclusions. It is concluded that gestational diabetes is prevalent in the city of Jaén, Cajamarca, and is related to a history of diabetes, macrosomia and obesity. It is recommended to actively monitor GD through prenatal checkups, in order to diagnose and treat it promptly.