Estado actual y avances en la investigación de Mpox: Impacto de la diversificación genética de los clados I y II

Current status and advances in Mpox Research: Impact of genetic diversification in clades I and II

Resumen

Introduction: Monkeypox, now termed mpox by the World Health Organization, has been a global
concern since the significant outbreak that began in 2022.Objective: To assess the current state
of the disease, emphasizing the impact of genetic diversification, implemented control measures,
and the role of presymptomatic cases and asymptomatic carriers. Methods: A narrative review of
literature published in the last two years was conducted, using Medical Subject Headings descriptors
in MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS databases, without language restrictions. Results: New aspects were
identified regarding its geographical spread and genetic diversification in lineages from clade IIb, as well as the emergence of clade Ib in 2024. New treatment options are described, along with reports of new clinical characteristics and the role of pre- and asymptomatic cases in virus dissemination. Conclusions: The sustained community transmission of clade Ib cases and multiple outbreaks in Africa in 2024 reveal the complex epidemiological state of the virus. Furthermore, the constant reports of  cases from clade IIb since the beginning of the outbreak highlight the need for more extensive studies actively searching for asymptomatic carriers and natural reservoirs of the disease, in order to better understand its epidemiology and control its spread