Factores asociados a la ansiedad y depresión en gestantes de un distrito de Chiclayo, Perú

Factors associated with anxiety and depression in pregnant women in a district of Chiclayo, Peru

Resumen

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression in pregnant women from three health centers in the José Leonardo Ortiz district, Chiclayo, Peru, 2023. Materials and methods: An observational study with a prospective, analytical, cross-sectional design, conducted in a population of 200 pregnant women. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively; in addition to a data collection form for sociodemographic variables. Results: The population had a mean age of 27.7 years and a mean gestational age of 21.8 weeks. In addition, there was a predominance of secondary education level (49%), cohabiting marital status (45.5%), unemployed occupation (48%), and monthly income less than 930 soles (73%). It was observed that 79.5% of pregnant women presented depression and 58% anxiety, with mild types predominating in both disorders (59.7% and 72.9% respectively). Likewise, unemployed pregnant women (p = 0.037) and with an income less than 930 soles (p = 0.018) presented a significant association with anxiety. No sociodemographic variable studied was associated with depression. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety occurred in more than half of the pregnant women treated in three health centers in the José Leonardo Ortiz district, Chiclayo, from February to March 2023, with mild types predominating in both disorders. Lack of employment and low income were associated with a higher likelihood of presenting anxiety.